At a glance
Rectal prolapse happens when part or all of the rectal wall slides down and protrudes through the anus. It can range from a small amount of tissue that appears briefly during a bowel movement to a more significant protrusion that is visible at other times.
It is more common than many people realise. While it can be alarming to experience, it is a well-recognised condition with a range of management options.
This page covers what people commonly experience, the different types, and when to seek care.
Partial vs full prolapse
Partial prolapse (also called mucosal prolapse) involves only the inner lining of the rectum. People often describe:
- A small amount of tissue that appears during straining and retracts on its own
- Bright red tissue visible at the anus, usually during bowel movements
- Mild discomfort or a feeling of incomplete evacuation
Full prolapse involves the entire wall of the rectum. People commonly report:
- A larger, more noticeable protrusion that may not retract on its own
- A circular pattern of folds in the protruding tissue
- Difficulty controlling bowel movements
- Mucus discharge or minor bleeding
Some people also experience internal prolapse (intussusception), where the rectum folds inward but does not exit the anus. This can cause a persistent feeling of blockage.
Common symptoms people report
- A visible bulge or protrusion from the anus, especially during bowel movements
- A feeling that something is “falling out” or sitting in the wrong place
- Incomplete evacuation — the sense that the bowel has not fully emptied
- Mucus discharge on underwear
- Minor bleeding, usually bright red
- Difficulty with bowel control or leakage
- Discomfort that worsens with standing or physical activity
Who it tends to affect
Rectal prolapse can happen at any age. People who report it most often include:
- Adults over 50, particularly women
- People with a long history of constipation or straining
- People who have given birth
- Those with connective tissue conditions or pelvic floor weakness
Having risk factors does not mean prolapse is inevitable. Many people with these factors never develop it.
How it is typically diagnosed
Doctors usually diagnose rectal prolapse through a physical examination. They may ask you to bear down so the prolapse becomes visible. In some cases, further imaging or tests may be used to assess the degree of prolapse and check for related issues like pelvic floor dysfunction.
Treatment overview
Treatment depends on the degree of prolapse and how much it affects daily life. Options people discuss with their doctors include:
- Conservative measures like dietary changes, pelvic floor exercises, and avoiding straining
- Surgical options for more significant or persistent prolapse
- Ongoing management strategies for comfort and bowel function
Your doctor can help you understand which approach fits your situation.
Talking to your doctor
If you are considering seeing a doctor, it can help to note:
- When you first noticed the prolapse and how often it occurs
- Whether the tissue retracts on its own or needs to be pushed back
- Any changes in bowel habits, leakage, or discharge
- What you have already tried
- How it is affecting your daily activities and quality of life
Many people feel embarrassed discussing these symptoms. Doctors see rectal prolapse regularly and can help you find a path forward.
If you experience severe pain, heavy bleeding, tissue that cannot be pushed back in, fever, or symptoms that concern you, seek medical care.